{"id":3542,"date":"2018-03-02T09:43:26","date_gmt":"2018-03-02T09:43:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/?p=3542"},"modified":"2018-03-02T09:53:55","modified_gmt":"2018-03-02T09:53:55","slug":"github","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/github\/","title":{"rendered":"GitHub &#8211; Open source Version Control System"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>C<\/strong>ollaboration between software developers enhances their productivity which helps them collate new ideas. Developers with relevant skills can contribute to a project to add more features to it or even fix the bugs. A software goes through many changes in its development lifecycle and developers constantly make modifications to the program code, release new versions and patche\/fix functionality issues. It is important to be updated with these variations because it helps in effective coordination among the developers in building new software as well as managing them. Sharing Platforms like GitHub serves this purpose.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/github\/#What_is_GitHub\" >What is GitHub?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/github\/#What_are_the_features_of_GitHub\" >What are the features of GitHub?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_GitHub\"><\/span><strong>What is GitHub?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>It is an open source <strong>Version Control System<\/strong> initiated by Linus Torvalds. Generally, When developers develop any applications they often make revisions or modifications to it for improvement. A version control system is a tool that maintains these changes in a central repository which offers Source Code Management (SCM). Other developers can see these changes, download them and contribute by developing and uploading a new code in the central repository. Git is a command line tool whereas the <strong>central repository<\/strong> is a web-based GUI and <strong>is called GitHub<\/strong> (GitHub.com).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Subversion, CVS, Mercurial are also version control tools but not popular as Git.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_features_of_GitHub\"><\/span><strong>What are the features of GitHub?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>GitHub is more popular than any other version control systems because it stores file changes more efficiently and ensures file integrity. You can see the history of a particular project. Following are the features of GitHub:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Repository<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0repository or repo is a collection of all the files (images, videos, spreadsheets, and datasets etc.) of a project. Each project has a repository which can be accessed through a URL. You can create a repository in your GitHub account. Also note that the public repositories are free of cost while the private repositories are not.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-3543 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-1-1024x446.png\" alt=\"\u2022 Repository\" width=\"980\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-1-1024x446.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-1-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-1-768x334.png 768w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-1-60x26.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-1-150x65.png 150w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-1.png 1192w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Forking<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Forking is copying an account&#8217;s repository to another account for using it. This is done when you want to contribute to a project that you do not have write permission. You copy the repository to your account and make changes and release it as a new repository.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-3544\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-2-1024x464.png\" alt=\"Forking\" width=\"980\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-2-1024x464.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-2-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-2-768x348.png 768w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-2-60x27.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-2-150x68.png 150w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-2.png 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When you are working on an official project you make certain modifications and commitments in the project. The main repository is known as <strong>Master <\/strong>and the modifications which are made during a project are made in separate branches. When a user creates a <strong>Branch <\/strong>they create a copy of master for editing purposes. If someone else makes changes to the master while a user is working, another user can get those updates without affecting the work..<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-3545\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-3-1024x429.png\" alt=\"Forking \" width=\"980\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-3-1024x429.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-3-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-3-768x322.png 768w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-3-60x25.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-3-150x63.png 150w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-3.png 1327w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When you have made changes in your branch, you can commit (save the changes) to the master. You have to describe why the changes were made in the commit message.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3546\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-4.png\" alt=\"Forking\" width=\"888\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-4.png 888w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-4-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-4-768x504.png 768w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-4-60x39.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-4-150x98.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 888px) 100vw, 888px\" \/><strong>Pull request<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You have forked a repository and made modifications to it. Now you want these changes to be recognised and included in the original repository that you forked. Thus, you need to make a pull request to the author. The author will see your work and may merge it into the main project.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-3547\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/im-age-5-1024x483.png\" alt=\"Pull request\" width=\"980\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/im-age-5-1024x483.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/im-age-5-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/im-age-5-768x362.png 768w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/im-age-5-60x28.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/im-age-5-150x71.png 150w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/im-age-5.png 1263w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Social Networking<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>GitHub offers a social networking to like-minded users. Each member has their own profile. Members can follow other members and they can take part in discussions on projects and seek the expertise of other developers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I am not a developer, why should I care about GitHub?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>GitHub is a version control system which is not only for software applications but documents and worksheets can also be collaborated using GitHub. You can upload Word documents, Excel sheets on GitHub. Each modification to them will be stored as good as it does for applications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How Should I start using GitHub?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To start with GitHub, you need to install Git on your local computer and create an account on GitHub. Following are the basic commands (in CentOS):<\/p>\n<p>To install Git<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3548 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-6.png\" alt=\"Install Git \" width=\"620\" height=\"66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-6.png 620w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-6-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-6-60x6.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-6-150x16.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To customise your Git, click <a href=\"https:\/\/git-scm.com\/book\/en\/v2\/Getting-Started-First-Time-Git-Setup\">here.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>To initialize an existing directory as a Git repository<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3549 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-7.png\" alt=\"Git repository \" width=\"620\" height=\"66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-7.png 620w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-7-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-7-60x6.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-7-150x16.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To retrieve anentire repository from a hosted location via URL<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3550 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-8.png\" alt=\"retrieve an entire repository\" width=\"620\" height=\"66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-8.png 620w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-8-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-8-60x6.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-8-150x16.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To create a new branch<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3551 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-9.png\" alt=\"create a new branch\" width=\"620\" height=\"66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-9.png 620w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-9-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-9-60x6.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-9-150x16.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To show all commits in the current branch\u2019s history<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3552 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-10.png\" alt=\"branch\u2019s history \" width=\"620\" height=\"66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-10.png 620w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-10-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-10-60x6.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-10-150x16.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To fetch down all the branches from that Git<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3553 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-11.png\" alt=\"Fetch Git\" width=\"620\" height=\"66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-11.png 620w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-11-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-11-60x6.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-11-150x16.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3554 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-12.png\" alt=\"remote repository branch \" width=\"620\" height=\"66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-12.png 620w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-12-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-12-60x6.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-12-150x16.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To fetch and merge any commits from the tracking branch<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3555 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-13.png\" alt=\"tracking branch \" width=\"620\" height=\"66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-13.png 620w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-13-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-13-60x6.png 60w, https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/image-13-150x16.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To learn more commands of Git, click <a href=\"https:\/\/education.github.com\/git-cheat-sheet-education.pdf\">here.<\/a> You can also refer to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/git-scm.com\/book\/en\/v2\/Getting-Started-About-Version-Control\">this<\/a> to see more about Git.<\/p>\n<div id=\"s3gt_translate_tooltip_mini\" class=\"s3gt_translate_tooltip_mini_box\" style=\"background: initial !important; border: initial !important; border-radius: initial !important; border-spacing: initial !important; border-collapse: initial !important; direction: ltr !important; flex-direction: initial !important; font-weight: initial !important; height: initial !important; letter-spacing: initial !important; min-width: initial !important; max-width: initial !important; min-height: initial !important; max-height: initial !important; margin: auto !important; outline: initial !important; padding: initial !important; position: absolute; table-layout: initial !important; text-align: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; width: initial !important; word-break: initial !important; word-spacing: initial !important; overflow-wrap: initial !important; box-sizing: initial !important; display: initial !important; color: inherit !important; font-size: 13px !important; font-family: X-LocaleSpecific, sans-serif, Tahoma, Helvetica !important; line-height: 13px !important; vertical-align: top !important; white-space: inherit !important; left: 291px; top: 4816px; opacity: 0.4;\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Collaboration between software developers enhances their productivity which helps them collate new ideas. Developers with relevant skills can contribute to a project to add more features to it or even fix the bugs. A software goes through many changes in its development lifecycle and developers constantly make modifications to the program code, release new versions&#8230; <\/p>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/github\/\" class=\"gdlr-button small excerpt-read-more\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[799],"tags":[804,802,805,800,801,803],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.9.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>GitHub - Open source Version Control System - ESDS Official Knowledgebase<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esds.co.in\/kb\/github\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GitHub - Open source Version Control System - ESDS Official Knowledgebase\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Collaboration between software developers enhances their productivity which helps them collate new ideas. Developers with relevant skills can contribute to a project to add more features to it or even fix the bugs. A software goes through many changes in its development lifecycle and developers constantly make modifications to the program code, release new versions... 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